The Multifaceted Divine: An Exploration of God's Attributes
Supporters of this religious perspective depict God through a collection of several profound and interrelated characteristics.Firstly, God is described as a personal, spiritually-intelligent being who reveals Himself to humanity, emphasizing His volitional orientation and desire to enter into a relationship with man. This is stated as follows: "— the second group of properties is due to the fact that God is a spiritually-intelligent being, or Personality, who is willing to reveal Himself to people. The properties that characterize God as a Personality, as a spiritually-intelligent being, are called cataphatic, or, again, in somewhat outdated terminology, spiritual properties." (source: link txt)Secondly, God appears as an absolutely perfect and the only absolute principle in which all that is perfect is concentrated. This aspect is expressed in the following assertion: "Everything perfect belongs to God and to God alone. And the relative perfection of humans and creatures exists only in God and from God. All Holy Scripture and Tradition seek to attribute to God every positive quality that we can conceive." (source: link txt)Furthermore, considerable emphasis is placed on understanding God as a being not subject to the limitations of time, space, and materiality. In the view of adherents to this position, God is infinite, omnipresent, and eternal: "It is important to note that in Christianity and Islam, God is infinite, omnipresent, and not limited by matter, time, or space. 'God is not in the cloud or any other specific place. He is beyond space, not subject to the limitations of time, and is not confined by the properties of things.'" (source: link txt)In addition, the attribute of God's omnipotence is highlighted as a manifestation of His unchanging will, which cannot contradict itself; for example, God is incapable of doing evil: "Now let us consider what being Almighty means.
Classic questions arise: can God create a stone so heavy that He cannot lift it?But it must be remembered that the Lord can do whatever He wishes; His omnipotence is an expression of His will, and accordingly, it cannot be self-contradictory. For instance, God cannot commit evil." (source: link txt)Equally important is the notion that God is the self-cause of His own existence—He does not depend on any other principle or cause: "This property also denies any limitation regarding the beginning and cause of His existence. It means that God does not come from anything else, nor does He depend on any other being; rather, He has the cause and necessary conditions of His own existence within Himself. That is to say, God is the cause of Himself, causa sui." (source: link txt)Finally, tradition emphasizes that God remains, in His essence, beyond comprehension and far surpasses any human conception of Him, as expressed, for example, in Moses’ concept: "The best of the notions of God is that of Moses: Jehovah asher Jehovah, — God is God. This description of the Divine in Moses signifies that God is above everything we can imagine of Him, and that His essence is boundless and incomprehensible to us." (source: link txt)One should also not forget the originally ideal concept of God as an idea that brings comfort and unifies the actions of believers: "The metaphysical god is an idea; this idea can be comforting and rewarding for some, though not for all. The Christian God is for everyone—the simple as well as the wise, the strong as well as the weak, the happy as well as the sorrowful. In this respect, it is true that deeds without faith are dead. Deeds without faith are like the actions of an automaton: they resemble human actions but are not enlivened by a soul. There is no comfort in the conscience if there is no living God residing within it through faith. One faith sanctifies deeds and brings them into a harmonious unity; one faith restores to the human soul its lost resemblance to the Divine." (source: link txt, page: 289, 294)Thus, the conceptions of God here are multifaceted—He emerges as a personal, eternal, all-encompassing, omnipotent, and perfect principle, being both the cause of His own existence, a source of comfort, and the object reflected in the spiritual experience of man.