Family Foundations: Shaping Gender Roles from Early Childhood
Family upbringing plays a decisive role in shaping a child's gender roles and behavior. As early as around 3–4 years old, a child begins to understand their own gender, and through imitating adults, they learn what is expected of them in terms of behavior. Within the family, parents, whether consciously or unconsciously, establish the standards for what it means to be a “boy” or a “girl.” For instance, boys are more often excused for displays of aggression and are encouraged to be active, while girls are guided toward being sensitive, emotionally expressive, and restrained. Thus, by observing established norms and role models (such as parents or older siblings) on a daily basis, a child forms ideas about how to behave in the future.This approach not only helps a child become aware of their gender but also influences their choice of games, interests, and dreams. Boys generally strive to emulate their fathers, adopting masculine qualities and values, whereas girls look to their mothers, which leads to the formation of gender-specific interests and behavioral stereotypes. In this way, family upbringing not only teaches children to adhere to certain boundaries but also helps them find their place in society by internalizing traditional standards and norms.Supporting citation(s):"By 3–4 years, the child assimilates their gender identity. They know who they are: a boy or a girl. But they do not yet understand the full meaning of the words 'boy' and 'girl.' We, as adults, consciously or unconsciously teach the child their gender role. In accordance with widely accepted traditions, we orient the child towards what it means to be a boy or a girl. Boys are more often forgiven for displays of aggression and are encouraged to be active and initiative-taking. From girls, we expect sensitivity, emotional expression, and emotionality. Under adult guidance, through imitation, the child begins to learn to be a boy or a girl. Their identification as a boy (or a girl) influences their choices in games, interests, and aspirations." (source: link txt)"The child's orientation towards the values of their gender primarily occurs within the family. Here, traditions play a significant role. For example, even the youngest boys are usually told: 'Don’t cry, you’re not a girl. You are a man.' And they learn to hold back their tears, supported by fathers and older brothers who affirm, 'We are men!' Thus, they learn to control their tears and take pride in belonging to the group of men. Girls, on the other hand, are instructed: 'Don’t fight. Don’t climb fences or trees. You are a girl.' And the mischievous girl must learn to rein in herself, as she is a girl." (source: link txt)